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The 2011 New England tornado outbreak occurred on Wednesday, June 1, 2011, in Massachusetts' Connecticut River Valley and also in southern Maine, devastating sections of the large city of Springfield, Massachusetts and its surrounding region. Although the vast majority of damage occurred in the Connecticut River Valley, the tornado outbreak spawned 7 tornadoes across New England, affecting both the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the State of Maine. By 9:47 pm EDT, the violent storms—which included seven reported tornadoes—had killed three people, injured 300 people in Springfield alone, and left over 500 people homeless in Springfield's MassMutual Center arena.〔 More than 48,000 electricity customers lost power. Because of the severe weather and resulting damage, Governor Deval Patrick declared a state of emergency for Massachusetts, and on June 14, 2011, President Barack Obama declared Springfield and the surrounding region a United States Federal disaster area. Governor Patrick also activated 1,000 National Guard troops for rescue and recovery efforts. ==Meteorological synopsis== On May 30, two days before the outbreak, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) noted the possibility of a severe weather event in the Northeastern United States in their outlook. A storm system was forecast to draw warm, moist air (with dew points over ) from the south, ahead of a driving cold front. In light of this, the SPC issued a slight risk for severe thunderstorms the area. As an upper-level trough moved over the Great Lakes, further moisture and warmth increased atmospheric instability in the area, raising the threat of a squall line or supercell thunderstorms. By June 1, the storm system moved over Ontario and Quebec, with a cold front trailing behind it over northern New England. CAPE values exceeded 4,000 J/kg, indicating an extreme amount of instability in the atmosphere, conducive to strong thunderstorms. Additionally, a strong upper-level jet stream brought significant wind shear, which, in combination with the atmospheric instability, indicated a significant severe weather threat, with the main effects expected to result from downburst winds and large hail, but with tornadoes possible. An EML, which emerged over Arizona on May 28, was also present and created abnormally steep mid-level lapse rates, further increasing instability. Between 8:18 a.m. and 9:15 a.m. (EDT), severe storms producing hail developed over portions of New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Maine; however, little if any impact resulted from these storms. At 10:05 a.m., the SPC issued a severe thunderstorm watch for the entire state of Vermont, much of northern New York, northeastern Pennsylvania and parts of western Massachusetts and Connecticut. By this time, a broken line of severe storms had developed over parts of western New York and northern Pennsylvania. With the storms gradually developing throughout the day and an increasing threat of tornadoes, a tornado watch was issued at 1:00 p.m. for much of New England, southern New York, eastern Pennsylvania and most of New Jersey. Around 2:00 p.m., severe storms with damaging hail, measured up to , and winds around developed in eastern New York. These storms gradually tracked east-southeastward into Vermont and later New Hampshire. One particular supercell produced very large diameter hail at Shaftsbury, Vermont after producing a funnel cloud and baseball sized hail across the border in New York State.〔 At 2:43 p.m., the first of several tornado warnings in the area was issued for southern Coos County, New Hampshire. Between 3:00 and 3:30 p.m., severe storms developed over western Massachusetts and prompted a tornado warning to be issued at 3:28 p.m. for parts of Hampden, Hampshire and Franklin Counties. About an hour later, another warning was issued for Springfield, Massachusetts and surrounding areas. Within minutes, a touchdown was confirmed near Springfield by local law enforcement and amateur radio operators.〔 This tornado was later rated a strong EF3 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale. At one point, this supercell displayed radar characteristics similar to historic supercells that produced violent tornadoes, such as Tuscaloosa, AL (2011) and Moore, OK (1999) Over the next hour, damage was reported as far east as Southbridge from this long track tornado. Other brief touchdowns were reported across the state afterward as well, which caused minor damage. In total, West Springfield, Westfield, Springfield, Monson, Hampden, Wilbraham, Brimfield, Sturbridge,and Southbridge, Massachusetts all sustained damage from the long track EF3 tornado . A total of three (downgraded from the originally reported 4) people were killed as a result of the tornado and at least 200 people were injured from severe weather across the state.〔http://investmentwatchblog.com/mass-tornado-update-about-200-injured-50000-still-without-power-crews-searching-for-survivors-amid-debris/〕 The outbreak included the first killer tornado in Massachusetts since the 1995 Great Barrington tornado. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2011 New England tornado outbreak」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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